ABSTRACT
The small size， moderate drug loading， and targeting properties of nano-preparations make them can be excellent delivery tools for drugs， genes or proteins crossing the cell or blood-brain barrier （BBB）. Currently， facilitating drug crossing BBB with innovative nano-drug delivery systems is considered as a strategic approach for the prevention， diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system （CNS） diseases. However， with the deepening of the research， the adverse reactions and toxicity of nanocarriers have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Based on this， this paper summarized the situation of BBB-penetrating targeted nano-preparations at home and abroad in recent years from the perspective of classification of types and properties of nanocarriers， and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each carrier. The results showed that nano-preparations with active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） as carriers have become a promising way of cancer treatment， but the complexity and diversity of TCM components limited its application to a certain extent. Further studies should be strengthened to lay a foundation for the application and development of TCM nano-preparations in the field of CNS diseases.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Viability of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium immobilized on different carriers was studied. Methodology: Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from crude oil contaminated sites in Gio and K-Dera, Rivers State, Nigeria using enrichment method. Proximate analyses were carried out on the best carrier materials. Immobilization was by direct adsorption of the isolates onto the carrier materials and viability was determined by plate count method. The carrier materials tested included soya bran, sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, brown saw dust, white saw dust, cassava peel and red mud (bentonite). Results: The bacterial isolates demonstrated varied degradation capacity. The best carrier material was saw dust (103.6% survival) and corn cob (103.6% survival) followed by soya bran (94.4% survival rate) and cassava peel (94.4% survival rate). The saw dust had moisture content, 5.92%; ash content, 7.49%; crude protein, 2.2%; volatile matter, 74.28; and fixed carbon, 12.34%; whereas, the percentage chemical composition observed for soya bran were 10.11, 4.08, 5.22, 42.61, 18.37 and 8.89 for moisture content, ash content, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, respectively. There was significant difference (p=0.05) between viability rate observed with the different carrier materials. Conclusion: This study showed that the agro-wastes used in this study can effectively enhance the viability of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial. The result is significant as it shows the possibility of using these carrier materials for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated media.
ABSTRACT
Solid dispersions (SD) as a preparation of intermediates have played an important role in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs and its bioavailability.SD technique is one of the most promising techniques to improve the dissolution and solubility of insoluble drugs,and the development of SD technique will promote the gradual perfection in preparative field.This review focuses on the carrier materials of SD,various new preparation techniques and their comparisons,application of solid dispersion formulations,and stability problems of SD.The factors influencing the stability of SD are described,and the effective measures to prevent the aging of SD are put forward.Finally,the review puts forward the practical suggestions of the solid dispersion technique.
ABSTRACT
Solid dispersions (SD) as a preparation of intermediates have played an important role in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs and its bioavailability.SD technique is one of the most promising techniques to improve the dissolution and solubility of insoluble drugs,and the development of SD technique will promote the gradual perfection in preparative field.This review focuses on the carrier materials of SD,various new preparation techniques and their comparisons,application of solid dispersion formulations,and stability problems of SD.The factors influencing the stability of SD are described,and the effective measures to prevent the aging of SD are put forward.Finally,the review puts forward the practical suggestions of the solid dispersion technique.